Specific gravity lab values7/26/2023 tetrabromophenol blue) in the presence of varying concentrations of protein when the pH is held constant. The protein test is based on a change in color of a pH indicator (e.g. Pigmented urine can interfere with pH readings. Bacterial contaminants, blood in the urine and contamination by genital secretions can alter urine pH. Heavy bacterial growth may cause an alkaline shift in urine pH by converting urea to ammonia. A diet high in protein produces a more acid urine, while a vegetarian diet often produces a pH greater than 6. The average adult urine pH varies between 5 and 8. Metabolism produces acids that are excreted by the lungs and kidneys. The pH of urine is an indication of the kidney’s ability to maintain a normal plasma pH. pH should be measured in fresh urine and read quickly. Colors range from orange through yellow and green to blue. The test is based on a double indicator method (methyl red and bromthymol blue) that covers the entire range of urine pH. The principle and performance of each dipstick test is summarized below. Urine dipsticks are plastic strips with attached reagent pads for pH, protein, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, urobilinogen, blood, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase. However, most of the missed cases are clinically insignificant and are often due to contaminating bacteria multiplying after urine collection. Numerous studies have determined that 6 to 20% of patients with urine sediment abnormalities are missed by this testing strategy. Performing microscopic analysis on only dipstick positive urine samples is cost effective when the patient population being tested has a low incidence of potential disease. Urine samples are initially screened with dipsticks. Hematuria, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, porphyriaīeets, blackberries, rhubarb, Phenolphthalein, rifampin Phenothiazines, phenazopyridine (Pyridium) J Athletic Training 35:212–24.Phosphorus, pyuria, chyluria, lipiduria, hyperoxaluriaĭiet high in purine-rich foods causing uricosuriaįava beans, Levodopa, metronidazole (Flagyl), nitrofurantoin, anti-malarial drugsĪmitriptyline, indigo, carmine, IV cimetidine (Tagamet), IV promethazine (Phenergan), methylene blue, triamterene (Dyrenium) (2000) NationalĪthletic Trainers’ Association position statement: fluid replacementįor athletes. Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Montain SJ, Rich BSE, Stone JA."Urinary indices during dehydration,Įxercise, and rehydration." Int. Armstrong, L.E., Soto, J.A., Hacker, F.T., Casa, D.J., Kavouras,.Of urine specific gravity, urine osmolarity, and urine color (Armstrong For a more simple test of hydration you can use urine color.Ĭomments: There is a minimal difference in the accuracy of the related measures The refractometer should be calibrated before you begin testing, and after every ten samples or so to ensure that the calibration remains accurate.Īdvantages: The handheld refractometer is very easy to operate.ĭisadvantages: This test requires the collection of urine (which is sometimes difficult) and the purchase of a specific apparatus for measurement.If any of these situations occur then the test Urine specific gravity to change and give incorrect readings of dehydration. Certain medicines, vitamins or the presence of glucose may cause the.To collect samples prior to or post-exercise, though there mayīe a time delay for the effect of dehydration to show in the specific gravity measure. The fourĬollected first thing in the morning. Usg values can also be categorized into levels of A simple value that is commonly stated as indicating dehydration is a value of 1.15 or greater. There are several criteria that are used in the literature to indicate dehydration. The specific gravity results will range from 1.000 (which is equivalent to water) up to 1.035 (very dehydrated). Specimen can be stored in refrigeration for later analysis. Results: The measurement may be done immediately after collection, or the Hold the refractometer up towards an area of natural light, look through the eyepiece and read the specific gravity level off the scale - the point where the contrast line (difference between light and dark areas) crosses the scale. Place a drop of urine on the glass plate and close the flap. Clean with distilled water and dry with a soft non-abrasive cloth. Open up the flap at the end of the refractometer. This should be done before you begin testing, and after every ten samples or so to ensure that the calibration remains accurate. Calibrate the refractometer by placing distilled water on the glass as the sample, and adjusting the scale to read 1.000. The sample can be measured immediately or stored for later measurement. Stream is discarded, then a small sample of urine is collected
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